Energy and information are a significant and growing fraction of manufacturing costs and require lifecycle cost management. New facilities will have to be built and operated in order to conserve resources, and existing facilities will have to be upgraded cost effectively. This is not new – economics, regulation, and innovation drive business economics but today the external environment is even more dynamic and requires an appropriate response. There is little a user can do about regulation, epoch technology breakthroughs, or market changes except monitor their effect and be prepared to change their business strategy; improved management of energy and information, however is under their control.